Leeks (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.) J. Gay, sometimes classified as  Allium porrum) is a vegetable, belonging together with onions and garlic to the family of the Alliaceae. It does not form a tight bulb like some other kinds of Alliaceae, but has a long stalk. When cultivated by deep burying into the ground, the leek leaves become white. There are many sorts of leeks. It is important for the ordinary consumer to know that they are divided into summer leeks, picked in the season during which they were planted and winter sorts, picked during the spring of the following year. The summer sorts are smaller than the winter ones, while the winter leeks have stronger flavor.

It is thought that leeks originated from the Mediterranean. In ancient Egypt it was one of the most used vegetables. It was among the compulsory gifts to worship the gods of the dreams and shadows. A drawing of leeks can be seen in many burial frescoes.  The Romans brought leeks to Great Britain. In the 7th century it became the emblem of the Gallic tribes. Before the battles with the local Saxons, the Gauls decorated their helmets with leek stalks, believing that would give them power to win. In Greece and Bulgaria leeks have been known since ancient times as well.
Contemporary research has proved that onions, garlic and leeks have a really valuable chemical composition, abounding in carbohydrates, protein, microelements, vitamins, mineral salts and essential oils. A great deal of their medicinal qualities is due to the phytoncides found in them – which are antibacterial and disinfecting agents. Leeks are low in calories and have a light and pleasant taste. They don’t smell as strongly as the other members of its family.  It is high in vitamin C, B6, magnesium, copper and calcium. There is no fat and the folium acid makes it suitable food for pregnant women.
The consumption of leeks has a positive influence on the digestive system and a purgative effect. It is helpful for the functioning of the cardio-vascular system and prevents atherosclerosis. Leeks are a mild diuretic and can help against edema of different nature. Having raw leeks at least three times daily is recommended against cold.  
Leeks are quick to boil or roast. They can be used in soups and other dishes for which fresh vegetables are recommended. It is most useful uncooked, and its white part is particularly tasty. Leeks combine well with basil, thyme, mustard and lemon. Another advantage is the possibility to keep it for a long time. It is rather resistant to freezing, especially if covered with straw or sawdust.